When trying to run process.bat for Salesforce's Data Loader from the command line, I encountered an error, "The system cannot find the path specified."
The problem turned out to be that I was not running process.bat from the %DATA_LOADER_HOME%\bin folder.
Running process.bat from the folder where the BAT file was located (shown below) solved the problem.
The root cause of the error is that process.bat (in Data Loader 28) looks for the JRE executable in a relative path, assuming the user is running the script from %DATA_LOADER_HOME%\bin.